Sunday, 8 September 2013

Gafamorg Ask F.G To Immortalize Gani Fawehinmi

Gani Fawehinmi Memorial Organization (GAFAMORG) has demanded from the Federal Government the Immortalization of a great nationalist, and a pan Africanist per excellence, Chief Gani Fawehinmi. The demand was made at the 4th Annual public lecture organized in memory of the icon and unparalleled human right activist Thursday, 5 2013 at Banquet Hall, Air Port Hotel, Ikeja, Lagos State.

GAFAMORG is an organization established shortly after the unfortunate demise of Gani on Saturday, 5 2009. Speaking at the event, the National Secretary of NCP and Chairman of Gani Fawehinmi Memorial Organization, Com. Ayodele Akele in his address, after welcoming all the participants said; if Gani were to be alive, all the abnormally going on in our society today would have received the stoutest legal condemnation ever, such as the unjust imposition of daylight robbery on the masses of Nigeria in the name of fuel subsidy, the political idiocy in River State, the attempt murder of a legislator by a pro-Amaechi law makers and lots more.
 
Com. Akele described Gani as Nigerian Hero, a Social Crusader, Social Critic, Solid Human Right Defender and a veritable conscience of the nation, therefore Gani Fawehinmi deserve to be immortalize.
He said “In our strive to immortalize this great colossus, we want to use the occasion of this public lecture and the 4th year memorial program to remind the federal Government of our demand for the umpteenth time of the need to immortalize minimally this great human being without further delay by renaming the headquarters of National Human Rights Commission, Abuja after Chief Gani Fawehinmi as GANI FAWEHINMI HUMAN RIGHT HOUSE. And the establishment of Gani Fawehinmi Freedom Square in Abuja as a freedom square where aggrieved Nigerians, CSOs, activists can gather peacefully without any molestation to protest and ventilate their angers over bad governance.”
Pro. Omotoye Olorode, in his lecture condemned the privatization of different sectors in the country, he said; the reason being canvassed for privatization is inefficient in public enterprises, but the fact of the matter is that public enterprises are deliberate made inefficient in order to sell them for the ruling class.

He reiterated that; the Nigerian ruling class across political parties and formation have completely compromised the sovereignty of the country and Nigeria’s people but the only way to solve the abnormally in the system is to Conceptualize and Re-invention of our Movement for Liberation because it is only an organized Mass Movement can confront and defeat that class that profit from the escalating crisis generated and entrenched by neo-liberalism.   
In his reaction, com. Abiodun aremu said: the masses should stop using the word ‘if Gani were to be alive’ and join the present struggle at hand, because, either we like it or not Fawehinmi has made his own contribution when he was alive, it is now the time for every one of us to meke our own contribution as well if really we want to move this nation forward.
In attendance were, the National Chairman of NCP, Dr. Yunusa Tanko, Osun State Governor who was represented by the Senior Special Assistant to the Governor on Civil and Public Matter, Com. Waheed Lawal, Ekiti State Governor also represented by his Commissioner for Regional Integration, Hon. Famuyi Afuye, the National Legal Adviser of APC, Muis Banire, former Minister of Petroleum, Pro. Tom David West, Dr. Joe Odunmakin, the National Chairman of Coalition Against Corrupt Leaders, Debo Adeniran and others.

The Bitter Truth: Between Politics and Good Governance

First and foremost, I need to make it clear to whom it may concern that my constitutional right cover me to express my own view on any issue as far as Nigeria is concern my topic on which I want to base my observation is: The Difference Between Politics and Good Governance. Oxford advanced learners dictionary defines politics as the activities involved in getting and using power in public life. And being able to influence decisions that affect a country or a society, while governance is defined as the activity of governing a country or controlling a company or an organization, or the way in which a country is governed or a company or institution is control. The point I am unveiling here is that the definitions of the two words differs, and so it is in real sense. To my surprise, many people do muddle things up by mis-understanding POLITICS and GOVERNANCE to be the same in meaning and this is not traced to the stack illiterates in our midst alone, professor also are found in this category.
Meanwhile, with this simple and clear introduction, I believe I have erected a solid foundation on which I want to build my view concerning the topic being treated. We give glory to Almighty God because after a long time of military intervention, we’ll soon celebrate 15 years of uninterrupted civil rule in Nigeria, which means that our nascent Democracy has come to stay. Democracy is known as the government of the people by the people and for the people, but this does not operate in Nigeria politics. In Nigeria, Democracy is the government of the selfish people by the selfish people against the suffering people.

In politics, manifestoes and agenda of the parties are not the same; each of the political parties would outline series of developmental programme to woo the electorates in other to get their support during election period. Also, during the political campaign, politicians do engage themselves in war of words and physical attacks, all in a bid to defeat their opponents and get to power; all these acts are known as part of politics. If truly we are practicing democracy in Nigeria, I think it gives a room for every citizen to cast their vote for political party and people of their choice but why should somebody or a group of people think of getting to power at all cost and against the wishes of the masses whose vote must count? People are voted into power to serve and represent the interest of the masses, if truly you want to serve the masses, I belief if is the masses that would request for you to come and represent them by voting you into power, but why must you impose yourself on them by force, just because you want to serve them? To me, it is illogical to common sense, because, it is the people of dubious character and thieves that can make politics a do or die affair, because politics is centered on the welfares of the masses who are expected to fight for their right by chosen leaders of their choice that would represent them well and deliver the much needed dividends of democracy to them from time to time through voting.
To some people, politics is seeing as a dirty game, but I don’t belief in this assertion, those that are playing politics could be dirty, but politics itself is not dirt. We hav heard about leaders like Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, Nahtama Ghandi and Pendit Nehruu of India, out own Obafemi Awolowo and Nelson Mandela of south Africa who fought for their people and as well served them meritoriously, forever their names cannot be missing in the lists of world heroes. Nigeria is a country of good people but bad leaders, despite the fact that Nigeria is blessed with abundant mineral resources but, how to manage it effectively and appropriately to take care of the suffering people is the problem of our leaders, instead, they loot government treasury and steal billions of Naira that is meant for the masses into their own pocket, if they are caught and arrested, they would be discharged on option of peanut fine in the court of law, who is fooling who?
Nigeria is lawless country and that reminds me of the late human right activist, Chief Gani Fawehinmi of blessed memory, he said “in a state of lawlessness, it is illegal to be law abiding.” It is only in Nigeria we celebrate people of questionable character, imagine somebody that was sentence to jail for stealing a lumpsum of money in government treasury, when he finished his jail term he started celebrating as people were jubilating eating and drinking as if he has just arrived from Mecca or Jerusalem, a popular thief is been celebrated. This clearly shown that our leaders are not God fearing, we have big thieves, election riggers and coup plotters not leaders. Bad people have succeeded in bringing bad theory into Nigeria political system, to bring sanity into Nigeria political system, all hands must be on deck to kick out do or die method and play politics with the spirit of sportsmanship, it is the electorates that are supposed to decide the faith of contestants and not the contestants deciding the faith of the electorates. In democracy, it could be two or multiparty system, once group of people under one political party is voted into power, they must spread tentacles of the dividend of democracy to every nook and cranny of their geographical area, because, they don’t belong to their party members alone, they belong to everybody and they should not play politics with governance, they are two different words and different in meaning as well.
On a final note, opposition parties are expected to criticize, but their criticism must be constructive and not destructive, because, without opposition, the helpless masses tend to suffer in the hands of the ruling party. Above all, if truly democracy is a government of the people by the people and for the people, in this country called Nigeria, the people in government must work for the interest of the people being governed, and not against the interest of the people living as it is being operating in this country. 

I PREFER ACTIVISM TO POLITICKING- Comrade Waheed Lawal




Comrade Waheed Lawal, a human right activist and the National Deputy Chairman (South west) of National Conscience Party (NCP) in an interview with Gold Magazine explained why he prefers activism to politicking. Read the full interview below:
Can we meet you sir?
My name is Waheed Lawal, many peolpel call me Comrade Waheed Lawal, some call me Alhaji Waheed Lawal, others call me Chief Waheed Lawal and I do answer them but best of all I am Waheed Lawal.
For how long have you being in politics?
Well, I prefer human right activist to politics, when you are talking of politics, you are talking of traditional politics. Some people are into politics to make money and some were there to change the system but as a human being, we are all political animals. I am an activist as far back as early 80s because I believe that if we are not ready to fight it, nobody will fight it for us. You must ready to live your life for the people and during the cause you may loose your life, you may be sent to prison in which I have faced many challenges as an activist. I develop full interest in politics when Chief Gani Fawehinmi, introduced National conscience as a movement which later metamorphosis to National Conscience Party in 1994.
Do you see yourself as an opposition to the current government of the State of Osun?
Well, that question is a good question. My party as a political party
 Is an opposition party but let me clear one thing, when our party (NCP) chooses me as the gubernatorial candidate in 2007 election and when we scrutinized the entire process, we see that we don’t have enough money to run a good campaign for the election because Nigeria politics is not how intelligent you are but how much you have for the election, which is wrong. This made the leadership of my party to choose ACN candidate Rauf Aregbesola because is the only person that has six point integral plan that is so closer to the 10 care programmes of the National Conscience Party to develop the State of Osun. Looking into the man himself Rauf Aregbesola, he is a lefty like us, a comrade like us, an activist like us, he was once a student leaders like us, he has been a socialist and communist, that is why my party supported him in 2007 election and if you mobilize yor people to vote for somebody, you cannot say you are an opposition to that person.
Aregbesola 2014 in Osun what is your stand on this?
The people of Osun know what is best for them and if they think of Rauf in 2014 no problem. My may have candidate for Osun Governoship election in 2014 if we deem it fit  but I think we have no regret by voting Aregbesola as our Governor.
Who are your role models?
Hmmm! My role model, after Allah and Prophet Muhammed (SAW), is Chief Gani Fawehinmi, he thought me every thing, and he put me into this line. Taye Sholarin and Wole Soyinka were still there but Gani is all in all.

HOW TO LOWER RISK FOR STROKE

Preventing a stroke is all about taking care of your heart and your blood.This means, keeping your good cholesterol high, and your bad cholesterol low with diet, exercise, and avoiding some specific bad habits.
Here are some ways to lower your risk for stroke:
Diet
As cholesterol can directly impact your likelihood of having a stroke, keeping your cholesterol in check can help you fight off stroke and other cardiovascular problems. A diet rich in fiber, whole grains, fresh fruits and lots of vegetables can help reduce your risk. Avoiding foods that are processed, high in cholesterol, high in saturated fat, and loaded with sodium can also help you avoid a stroke, among other health problems.
Exercise
Thirty minutes of exercise a day can do wonders for your body. Raising your heart rate while exercising helps the body clear toxins and helps strengthen your heart, blood vessels, and brain. Consult your doctor before starting any exercise regiment to ensure you do not do more harm than good.
Mind your blood pressure
Blood pressure is a major factor in your risk of having a stroke. Working with your doctor early can help keep your blood pressure at the appropriate levels. Avoiding sodium and getting some regular exercise can help significantly. Also try to eat a diet that is high in fruit, vegetables, and potassium; these have all been discovered to significantly decrease blood pressure.
Among the many health problems caused by smoking is an increased risk of stroke. The poisons in cigarette smoke constrict, and contribute to hardening of the blood vessels, which increases the likelihood that clots will form and stroke will occur.
Alcohol is a double-edged sword for stroke, as it can bath increase and decrease its risk. The key is moderation: small amounts of alcohol can increase your good cholesterol levels, which, in turn, lowers the bad cholesterol that increases risk of blood clotting and stroke. Excessive amounts of alcohol, however, can damage your heart and blood vessels.
Control Chronic Conditions
If you suffer from high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, or diabetes, then, the more you actively manage your condition, the better chance you have of avoiding a stroke.

Esie: A Mysterious Entombment Of Antique Treasures



To a first time visitor, Esie  town in ifelodun local government area of Kwara State may look ordinary, but inside the thick forest that surround the  ancestral home of the Igbominas lay an ancient museum that houses the mystical Esie stone image which is yet to be discovered by archeologist. To unravel the mystery behind the history of these monumental images, researches were made about the ancestral home of the Igbomina on the mythology surrounding the soap image.
Esie museum is situated in Esie town about 70 kilometers southeast of Ilorin in Kwara state. The museum is the first of its kind in Nigeria which houses this mystical Esie stone image. The stone image which are known as “Esie image” (Ere Esie) are the largest collection of stone carving in Africa. More than 800 of the images have been found under the peregun groove, ranging from 14 centimeters to over one meter in height.
According to my research, an oral history has it that the images in the days of old were human being who settled in the place around 1775. One day, the villagers were said to have been warned by the messenger of God that nobody should go out on a particular day because he would visit the people of the village and give them a special gift,. Everybody was said to have complied with this instruction except the king of the village that went out through the back door to harvest okro in his farm. When the messenger of God came, he was angry that his instruction was not followed and instead of the gift, he inflicted a curse on the people of the village to frozen, changing them to images, according to the posture they had assumed as at the time of the curse. These carved stone figures represent men and women with very elaborate hair styles rendered with great accuracy in soft stone. Some were playing musical instruments and many armed with machetes, some sitting on stools wearing simple necklaces and bracelets. Some of the images also portray the shape of people dancing, breast feeding and some doing one activity or the other. The mystical existence of these stone images made people worship them in those days by the people of Esie. Throughout the reign of 15 Obas of Esie, there has been a festival for the images. Also at various time, supplications accompany by sacrifices are presented to the images through the chief priest. However, the worship of the effigy has ceased since the advent of modern religion.

However, this oral history was said to be debunk by the traditional ruler of Esie, his Royal Highness Oba Yakub Babalola Agboola, Eegunjobi 11 who claimed that it was a mere fable. The traditional ruler said his fore-fathers came from Oyo State, settle at Oke Isanlu before finally relocating to where they are till today. He explained that Baragbon, a formidable hunter was the founder of Esie, when he discovers the images he alerted the king who later sent an emissary to verify the authenticity of the story before he went there to see it. The king thereafter sent someone from the palace to stay with the images for three days to ascertain whether they are spirits or an assembly of effigies. When it was realized that nothing happened to the person sent by the king, an ifa oracle was consulted as the normal practice in those days, “it was the oracle that said the objects were not harmful and it will bring good fortune to them in “future”. Nonetheless, the monarch said that nobody could say precisely how the soap images got there “but I can tell you authoritatively that our fore- fathers met the images at the current location”.
But if these images were discovered by Baragbon, you can imagine that as at then there was no vehicle to transport them, putting into cognizance how heavy some of these objects are, it is practically impossible to carry it with the only means of transportation available then.
In view of all of these beliefs, the mystery behind Esie images is that if a drop of water falls on any of the image, it will be forming and this made it to be well known as Esie soap image. The soap images have been in existence for over two hundred years; however, a careful analysis of these carvings reveals starting contradictions! The more you look at the Esie wonder soap images, the more you keep asking yourself some unanswered questions like: who carved them and with what instrument was it made of? When? And how? To those who believe that the images were brought from somewhere to the place, the yet to be answered question is by what means? Since one of the object weigh 104kg. However, to those who said a curse was invoked on the people of the village before they turned to soap images, in whose presence? In attempt to answer these questions local myth has that the images were actually human being that were turned to their present state by an angry god! and until these questions are answer the Esie soap images will remain a mystery. 

Divorce: A Thing Of Pride In Nigeria Movie Industry



In recent times, the issue of celebrities in Nigeria parted way after months of marriage has become a thing of pride, most especially in the Nigeria movie industry, in Nigerian tradition marriage is refers to as everlasting journey between husband and wife, and nobody ever celebrate a broken home, but now, in the Nigerian movie industry separation in marriage is now a thing of pride.
Among the celebrities in the Nigeria industry is Omotola Jolade, popularly called ‘omo sexy’ whom her marriage have lasted for more than a decade and up till this moment she is waxing stronger and stronger in her marriage.
I believe that in the beginning, most young celebrities in the Nigerian movie will hope to achieve it in the entertainment industry, that thing would go well when their dreams and aspirations come true. But after making it in the industry they will find it difficult to get married. Recently, Eniola Badmus, a popular actress known as ‘Gbogbo Biz Girl’ in an interview said

“What is the point if i marry today and tomorrow it's over? What is the essence? I am living my life. I will have a baby when it’s necessary, marriage is good but what’s the essence of me getting married today and tomorrow I'm not in it? For any man I'm going to marry or call my husband we should be together at least for five years before going down the aisle.”  
She is technically saying that, she is afraid of getting married.
It was like a drama when Funke Akinde and kehinde loOyede parted way, at the beginning fans don’t really believe the story when it was first reported by a national news paper, until Funke personally announced the separation with her husband.
But one thing baffled me most, instead of her to sober, below are what she posted on her facebook account.
“We want to formally inform you that after due consultation and consideration, Akindele is now separated from Mr. Kehinde Oloyede as his wife. She hereby urges her fans and all concerned to pray and wish her the best as she moves on in her career.”
“Yes my marriage has crashed, anyway what has happen has happen and no one in this life is above mistake, from now on, i bear Ms Akindele no ill feeling"
"I know I 'm a public figure but it's my private life and I'm entitle to my privacy, let those who laugh at me continue to laugh, after all, my job is to make people laugh”.
The question I want fans to ask her is, is it part of her job to break up/ separate with her husband?
Another crashed marriage after the marriage produced a daughter, was that of Monolisa Chinda, who was alleged that she broke up with Dejo Richard just because of money.
Among the worst is Clarion Chukwura is still living as a single lady after married twice.
As for Bukky Right, when asked in an interview sometimes ago about her marital status, she replied by saying no comment.
Another one is that of Jennifer Eliogu and husband, the marriage crashed month after she delivered a baby.
The fundamental questions are what really is the problem of these celebrities in the Nigeria movie industry? Is the industry the cause of what happen to most of them? And lastly, why ladies alone soffer this development?
some say it is a way of being free from any man’s command as a husband, others believe that it’s due to lust for numerous men and not wanting be under the control of a man who would never want them to star in any obscene role

The Beginnig Of Education In Nigeria



Over the past centuries, education has been a means of transmitting our culture from one generation to another, it has been a medium through which newborns acquire a sense of belonging in a particular culture, it is the process of bringing about a relatively permanent change in human behavior.
Indigenous education is the ability of a newborn to know the norms of the society which he was born into and the willingness to acquire such norms as away of life.
As the oldest industry, it the instrument used by society to preserve, maintain and upgrade its social equilibrium. A society’s future depends largely on the quality of its citizen’s education.
Education has been view to extent to which an individual can stretch his intellectual by learning the culture of his society.
In all human societies, education is meant to pass on to the new generation the existing knowledge of their physical environment, to introduce individuals to the organization of the society, given them skills for performing their daily jobs and enjoying their leisure, as well as inculcate sound morals in them for their own benefit and that of the society.
In other words, education is a process by which the society assists the younger generation to understand the heritage of their past, participate productively in the society of the present as well as contributing to the future. Based on these reasons, education draws inspiration and nourishment from a society, but in turn contributes to the growth, renewal an d development of the society at large.
Sometimes, rather informal, society has ways of assisting the younger generation to understand the past and often exposing various values, ideals and aspirations of the society. They may be either formal/western or informal/ traditional/indigenous.
Nigeria education labeled traditional was progressive because of its emphasis on functionalism. For example, it was the duty of a girl in the family of Nigeria society to know the household chores, to learn a trade and pass it on to her children and grandchildren.
Till date, the purpose of education can be done without large emphasis on the tradition the impact and functions it had on the society.
Back then, the purpose of education was clear as the broad day light, every individual understand the reason behind learning, it was the preparation for adulthood, to be trained and train, a transit movement, a continuous process that has no end.
Traditional education at the early stage dwelled on social responsibilities, job orientation, and political participation, spiritual and moral values.
Then, there was practical training like farming, sewing, weaving, dancing, singing, wrestling carving, cooking, knitting and drumming why intellectual training involve, the study of local story, legends and last the environmental training which included riddles, poetry, proverbs, story-telling. At the end of the training, the children got tested in a ‘passing out’ ceremony to establish who was ready to move on to adulthood and who could be left behind.
 Those who excelled in these areas were highly revered as their expertise was of immense benefits to their society. an individual’s intellect in these directions was developed to enable him fit into such professional groups as rain makers, herbalists, hunters, cult leaders and priests.
The essence and purpose of education was to prepare and equip children with the required knowledge. Skills, mode of behavior and beliefs in playing their role in adulthood; to inculcate a sense of belonging, to discipline the child in molding his character, to inculcate in him, the desirable moral qualities such as sociability, solidarity, courage, humility, as well as obedience. Islamic education started in Nigeria before the introduction of western education.   
It was noted that Islam was first accepted by a kanem ruler named Umme Jilmi (1085-1097) later Dunama 1 and Dunama 11 in the 13th century. In the early 14th century, Islam came to Hausa land through traders and scholars from Wangarawa.
The Jihad of Usman Danfodio in 1804 helped to revive, spread and consolidate Islam studies and extended sccess to education also to women. Support for Islam education came from some leaders. For example, Abdullahi Bayero  (Emir of Kano) who built an Islamic school which continued to grow and expanded in scoope and eventually became Batero College, Kano and later became Bayero university Kano.
Islam brought with it Arabic education and was therefore perceived as having great spiritual values. The first known Muslim primary school was established by the colonial government in Lagos in 1899, the first one the Muslim established themselves was in 1922.
Many institutions have sprung up over the years in many parts of the country for the purpose of Islamic education and practices. However, the limitation of this education is the focus on Arabic which in many parts of Nigeria is not the language of literature and communication.
Hence, this gave birth to the emergence of European education which was introduced into Nigeria in 1571. the catholic through the influence of the Portuguese traders were the first missionaries to set foot on the Nigeria soil, they established a seminary on the island of Sao Tome, off the coast of Nigeria to train Africans for church work as priest and teachers. From Sao Tome, they visited Warri where they established schools and preached the gospel.
In September 1842, the second missionary which brought the western education started in Nigeria with the arrival of Thomas Birch Freeman, of the Methodist missionary society and Mr. and Mrs. De Graft of the church missionary society. the first known school was established by Mr. and Mrs. De Graft in Badagry and was named Nursery of the infant church.
While the Methodist should be credited with the creation of the first ‘school’ in Nigeria, it was indeed the church missionary society (cms) that made the most important contribution to the education in the early period.
In January 1845, a formidable team of evangelists arrived Badagry with Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Ajayi Crowther (Egba ex-slave), and Mrs. Townsend, the reverend and Mrs. Gollmer, Messrs Williams Marsh Edward Phillips (who were teachers by profession), four carpenters, three laborers, two servants and one interpreter.
 They stayed in Badagry for 18 months due to unforeseen circumstance and departed for Abeokuta, leaving two others in Badagry. During their stay in Badagry, the CMS party formed a mission station and two schools.
In 1846, a group led by Reverend Hope Masterton Waddell was dispatched to Calabar, the CMS also extended their missions to other parts of the country, Samuel Ajayi Crowther opened the first school in Onitsha in December 1858, for girls between six and 10 years old.
The American Baptist missionary arrived in August 1850 in Badagry led by Thomas J.Bowen and established their first station in Ijaye, Abeokuta and later established another station in ogbomoso in 1854.
In 1854, another group with an American negro from Liberia, J.M Harden joined the Baptist group and formed a Baptist mission in Lagos and later extended its influence to Oyo, Shaki, Igboho and Ilorin.
The catholic also gained ground in the spiritual scramble for Nigeria and established the home mission in Lagos in 1868 by Brazilian ex-slave.
The initial objective of the missionary bodies to Nigeria was to carry out evangelical work that is, preaching the gospel to the natives. Remarkable efforts were made by the various missionary bodies in building churches and schools which were all used for the purpose of evangelism. The basic content of instruction in schools was reading and writing which were necessary for the understanding of the gospel.
Colonial education aimed at creating a small class of skilled technical and administration functional and agricultural raw materials plantation farmers, possibly perpetuating the continued domination of the society by the offspring of members of the overthrown ruling autocracy. The emphasis of the western education was on the 4Rs (Reading, Writing, Arithmetic and religion) this new education prepared the recipients for the job opportunities as teachers, church evangelists, clerks and interpreters.
Prior to Nigeria independence, Nigeria had only two established post-secondary institution. Yaba Higher College (founded in 1934, Now Yaba College of technology) and the university of Ibadan, founded in 1948. It was then a college of university of London until two years after independence when it becomes autonomous. More prominent universities include university of Nigeria Nsukka, Obafemi Awolowo University (formerly university of ife), Ahmadu Bello university and Moshood Abiola Kashimawo university (formerly university of Lagos) were founded in the tears that followed independence.
In 1970s, more universities were founded which include university of Benin, founded in 1970), and new universities opened in calabar, Ilorin, Jos, Port Harcourt, Sokoto and Maiduguri. In the 1980s, more universities were opened as well as institutes specializing in agriculture and technology. A number of polytechnics were also opened, which includes the Yaba college of Technology in Lagos and Kaduna Polytechnic.